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The aim of this study was to verify the significance of land use on nitrate availability (NO3–N) at landscape scale in two different sites by using multivariate geostatistical methods. NO3–N and several other soil properties of Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ) monitoring network of 71 and 63 top-soils, respectively were measured in Venafro and Campomarino areas of Southern Italy (Molise region). Data...
To evaluate environmental risks of pesticides in soil, it is necessary to determine aging effects on sorption processes. Few studies have been carried out on their metabolites. The effect of incubation time on sorption of indaziflam and indaziflam-triazinediamine (FDAT), indaziflam-triazine indanone (ITI) and indaziflam-carboxylic acid (ICA) metabolites was determined on a mollisol and two depths...
One of the consequences of wildfires is the modification of the hydrology of the affected area, usually resulting in increased overland flow and soil erosion. In this work, we tested granular anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to reduce post-fire soil erosion, and the mechanisms by which this polymer modifies infiltration rate (IR), runoff and soil loss. Two contrasting soils affected by fire were exposed...
Although the 137Cs technique has been widely used to provide quantitative soil redistribution estimates since 1980s, no systematic sensitivity and uncertainty analyses have been carried out to evaluate the conversion models. The objectives of this study are to (1) perform sophisticated sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for the three widely-used models to characterize the potential sources of uncertainty...
Deccan volcanic bole beds are important indicators of paleoenvironmental conditions during Cretaceous–Tertiary volcanism. However, little attention has been paid to iron oxide characteristics of these lava flow hosted sediments. Therefore, in order to understand the genesis and transformation of various iron oxides in different colored bole beds, we studied the mineral magnetism and diffuse reflectance...
The pedological implications of lake water level fluctuations are complex, especially in lake margin, where topographical, hydrological, and sedimentary conditions are most variable. Lake water level fluctuations generate landscape elements, which provide insights into the processes involved in soil development and the extent of the zones affected by flooding/desiccation. Coupling information from...
Post-fire land degradation is to a large degree determined by what happens to soil properties and ground cover during and after the fire. To study fire impact in relation to fire intensity and post-fire soil exposure, a 9-ha Portuguese shrubland catchment was burned by experimental fire in the 2008/9 winter season. Previous studies reported on the significant increase in erosion after this fire, and...
Sediment fingerprinting techniques can provide valuable information on sources of suspended sediment to facilitate effective targeting of best management practices. Research was conducted in the Pleasant Valley watershed (50km2) in South Central Wisconsin to identify sources of suspended sediment during cropping season and snowmelt periods at a subwatershed scale. Results show that both stream banks...
Schwertmannite and jarosite are two of the main secondary iron(III) minerals commonly found in acidic, iron and sulfate-rich environments such as acid mine drainage and coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS). Both minerals exert major influence on the water and soil quality in these environments. While there are many studies conducted on the stability of these two minerals under controlled laboratory conditions,...
Over 85% of the worldwide area planted with rice is irrigated, mainly by flooding, because this method increases yields. Irrigation by flooding provides this crop with particular characteristics, including at harvest, when it causes difficulties for machinery traffic due to the high soil water content. In addition to this, a large amount of green material is left on the soil, which if not burned,...
Salt affected soils are pervasive in semiarid and arid regions worldwide. Traditionally, soil salinity has been measured via electrical conductivity (EC). This study evaluated the feasibility of using three different methods for prediction of surface soil salinity, namely visible near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VisNIR DRS), portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry, and remote...
Erosion of soil in cropland results in the decoupling of soil organic matter (SOM) from its location of provenance. Deposition of soil downslope from eroded landscape areas can cause burial of SOM deep in the soil profile, often below the zone of cultivation. We assessed and compared the biodegradability of SOM from different landscape areas at six locations across Canada. We evaluated buried SOM...
Radiocarbon measurements are frequently used to model the turnover of soil organic carbon (OC) fractions. The assumption of homogeneous turnover in these fractions is typically stated, but consequences of its violation have not been tested. We used samples of a repeated soil inventory of a German beech forest from the litter layer to 50cm depth in 2004 and 2009 to determine the suitability of short-term...
This study investigates the effects of agricultural exploitation of soils of the north-western Crimea, the active and large-scale cultivation of which began with the Greek colonization of the area. In order to compare soils using a wide spectrum of physical and chemical properties, the studied objects (virgin land, post-antique idle land, continually plowed land, modern-day plowed land, idle land...
The purpose of the current study was to quantitatively explore the dynamics of clay pedogenesis in red-brown soils of the terra-rossa type and associated soils (mainly Rhodoxeralfs) of the Mediterranean region with respect to bedrock and dust composition, and the impact of the vegetation-translocated elements silicon and potassium. Fifteen non-cultivated, shallow and leached mountain pedons were sampled...
Initial stages of soil development are characterized by structural changes of mineral surfaces over time. The specific surface area (SSA) is closely related to pedogenic properties and soil organic matter (SOM). Interactions between SOM and mineral surfaces induce quantitative and qualitative changes in SSA and corresponding soil properties. However, the knowledge about ranges, effects and mechanisms...
Accurate assessment of soil carbon fractions would provide valuable contributions towards monitoring in ecological observatories, assessment of disturbance impacts, global climate and land use change. The majority of chemometric modelling studies have focused on measuring only total soil carbon (C), with only a few evaluating individual soil C pools. Analysis of pools allows for a more detailed picture...
The multivariate character of seven dynamic soil properties from a national soil quality data set was explored to determine if generalizations can be made about the status of the properties from land use and soil order. The genoform–phenoform concept (where soil phenoforms arise from a genoform due to modification of dynamic soil properties through specific land use history) was used to frame three...
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